Andrallus

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Andrallus Bergroth, 1906

Photo © Emma Betts, Australian Museum

Type species:

Audinetia aculeata Ellenrieder, 1862 (=Cimex spinidens Fabricius, 1787) by monotypy.

Number of Australian species:

One.

Extralimital Distribution:

Afrotropical Region - Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire; Australian Region - Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), Indonesia (Lombok), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea; Nearctic Region - Canada, Mexico, United States of America; Oriental Region - Bangladesh, China (People's Republic), India, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan), Malaysia, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands (= Nansei Shoto), Taiwan, Vietnam; Palaearctic Region - Azerbaijan, Iran, Israel, Japan, Russia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey.

Australian Distribution:

Tropical and subtropical regions of Queensland.

Biology:

Unknown in Australia. Biological data exists for the species in south-east Asia and India.

Host(s):

Andrallus spinidens associated with Azazia irrorata (Boisduval, 1833) [NOCTUIDAE].

Diagnosis:

Colour

Dorsum pale to medium brown with cream coloured longitudinal bands on the scutellum and hemelytra and metallic blue patches on the head, humeral angles and connexiva. Venter pale to medium brown with slightly darker punctations. Legs medium brown with darker punctations. Antennae banded medium and dark brown.

Texture

Densely and uniformly punctate.

Vestiture

Glabrous.

Structure

Body - Elongate, parallel-sided and dorsally convex. Length 9.1 mm - 13.7 mm; width 6.7 mm - 10.1 mm.

Head - Quadrate, moderately dorsoventrally orientated, shorter than pronotum; jugae equal in length to clypeus, apically broad and truncate, laterally carinate; antennifer processes absent; five antennal segments, first antennal segment shorter than distance between the eyes, inserted below mid-height but above ventral margin of the eyes; bucculae elongate (posteriorly beyond antennifers); vertex cross-sectional shape flattened; labium thickened, reaching between middle and hind coxae, first labial segment longer than bucculae; eyes not stylate, directed laterally.

Pronotum - Calli present, anterior lobe surface flat; humeral angles angulate and divided, with the second, posterior point quite small; lateral margins carinate; anterolateral margins crenulate and concave; posterolateral margins concave; posterior margin straight.

Scutellum - Triangular, apex narrowly rounded; lateral calli present; medial callus absent.

Thoracic sterna - Prosternum flat; mesosternum with a low raised keel; metasternum flat.

External efferent system - Evaporative scent gland greatly reduced; peritreme marginally elongate, apically pointed.

Hemelytra - Macropterous, longer than abdomen; membrane veins linear and mostly subparallel.

Legs - Fore tibiae sulcate.

Abdomen - Connexiva visible dorsally; laterotergites armed with posteriorly directed spines.

Remarks:

In the Oriental region Andrallus aculeata has been investigated for its promise as a biological control agent of pest Lepidoptera species (Schaefer & Panizzi, 2000).